 11. Ethics and Morality
Reading I
A. Replace the words or phrases in red in the sentences below with the correct words from the brackets. [abusing, lassies, scrambled, fancy, folly, rejoicing, chip]
a. The lassies were dressed in their best finery to go to the party.
b. Do you sometimes fancy of living in a luxurious house?
c. When Shila was chased by a dog she scrambled quickly onto the wall.
d. The young lassies rejoiced everyone with their performance.
e. It was his folly to leave the bike unlocked in the street.
f. Each one accused the other of cheating. Soon, they started abusing each other.
g. Could you please give me a chip of paper? I can't find the duster.
h. The farmers rejoiced when it rained after a long drought.
B. Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.
a. The two little girls were dressed in new frocks probably because...
i. they were twins.
ii. they had to go to church.
iii. they went to the same school.
b. When Malasha was going to splash into the puddle........
i. Akoulya asked Malasha not to go into the puddle.
ii. Akoulya asked her Malasha to take off her shoes and stockings before going.
iii. Akoulya asked Malasha to go into the puddle alone.
c. While running home, the girls were caught........
i. Akoulya's mother
ii. Malasha's mother
iii. Akoulya's grandmother
d. Akoulya's grandmother...........
i. was able to calm down the crowd
ii. could not calm down the crowd
iii. chased away the crowd with stones
e. While the men were busy fighting, the two girls..........
i. joined the fight of the men
ii. played a game together
iii. started to fight with each other
f. At the end, the men.......
i. were guilty of their deed
ii. were pleased with their deed
iii. were proud of their deed
C. Answer these questions.
a. How were the girls dressed?
- The girls were dressed in new frocks. One girl wore a blue frock, and the other wore a yellow print frock. They both had red kerchiefs on their heads.
b. Where did the girls begin to play?
- The girls began to play in a lane between two homesteads where a large puddle had formed from the dirty water running through the farmyards.
c. Why did Akoulya get angry with Malasha?
- Akoulya got angry with Malasha because Malasha splashed water onto Akoulya's frock when they were walking towars each other through the puddle.
d. Why did the crowd gather in the street?
- The crowd gathered in the street because an argument and quarrel broke out between the girls' mothers, which escalated into an angry confrontation involving the men from the neighborhood.
e. How did Akoulya's grandmother try to calm down the crowd?
- Akoulya's grandmother tried to calm down the crowd by stepping in among them and speaking to them, appealing to their sense of reason and reminding them that it was a time for rejoicing and not for quarreling.
f. Why are the girls called wiser than men?
- The girls are called wiser than men because while the men were fighting and the women were arguing, the girls quickly resolved their own dispute, forgot about it, and started playing happily together, showing a greater ability to let go of anger and find joy.
g. What lesson do you learn from the story?
- The lesson we learn from the story is that children, with their innocence and simplicity, often possess greater wisdom than adults. They are quick to forgive, forget, and find joy, while adults tend to hold on to grudges and engage in unnecessary conflicts.
D. Remember a similar incident that happened during your childhood and share it in the class.
- When I was a kid, something funny happened in my neighborhood. It was a hot summer day, and we gathered by a pond to cool off. We found a big branch floating in the water and got an idea. We turned it into a game. We split into teams and used the branch as a bridge to cross the pond without falling in. Some of us made it, while others got wet and laughed about it. It didn't matter who won, because we were all having fun and cheering for each other.
Grammar
B. Transform the following sentences into negative.
a. My sister lives with my parents.
doesn't live
b. Maryam knows the answer well.
doesn't know
c. I want to leave now.
don't know
d. Anusha agrees with me.
doesn't agree
e. The boy killed the cockroach with his shoe.
didn't kill
f. His father recognized me at once.
didn't recognize
g. He apologized for his misconduct.
didn't apologize
h. He ate a few mangoes.
He didn't eat many manges. (few- not many) (little-not much)
i. We sold a little honey.
We din't sell much honey.
j. The rich are sometimes happy.
The rich are not alwyas happy.
k. Kanchan frequently visits me.
Kanchan rarely visits me.
I. Shailesh bought several books. Sailesh didn't buy a few books.
m. Garima let me use her toilet. didn't let
n. All of them can help her.
None of them can help her.
C. Complete the following sentences choosing the correct forms of verbs in brackets.
a. A number of soldiers.......... (was, were, are) injured in the war.
b. The number of deceased soldiers ......(were, is, are) not stored in the record book.
c. A pack of lions (was, were, is) approaching the camp.
d. His pants thematch. (was, were, is) torn during
f. The truthful trustworthy..(was, is, are) always
g. To cry (was, are, is) never the solution to any problems.
h. Here Einstein. (lie, lies, lying) the tomb of Albert Einstein.
i. Either she or her friends....... (was, is, are) responsible for this accident.
j. None (were, is, are) under the sun.
k. All that ...... (glitter/ glitters/glittering) is not gold.
I. Everything........(is, were, are) fine when it's done correcfly.
m. Either the sculpture or the paintings.......(was, were, are) in the museum today.
n. Each of the dancers brilliantly. (twirl, twirls, twirling)
o. Neither she nor I........(were, am, are) getting the lunch special.
Writing I
You might have read or heard some moral stories. Write your favourite one in your own words.
The Power of Kindness and Compassion
Once upon a time, in a small village, there lived a kind-hearted farmer named John. He was known for his generosity and willingness to help others. One day, while working in his fields, John discovered a small injured bird with a broken wing. He carefully picked it up and decided to take it home to nurse it back to health. He created a cozy nest for the bird and provided it with food and water every day. He patiently tended to its needs, hoping that one day it would fly again.
Weeks passed, and the bird's wing gradually healed. It regained its strength and was ready to take flight. Sensing its readiness, John gently released the bird from his hands, watching as it soared high into the sky. As the bird flew away, it circled back and landed on a nearby tree branch. It chirped happily, expressing gratitude to John for his kindness.
Overjoyed, John smiled and said, "Fly freely, my little friend. Remember, when you have the strength to soar, never forget the helping hand that lifted you up." The bird nodded, understanding the message. From that day forward, it visited John's farm regularly, bringing him joy with its beautiful songs.
The moral of the story is that kindness and compassion can have a lasting impact on others. Just as John's kindness helped the bird, our actions can uplift those in need and inspire them to spread their own wings of kindness in the world.
World Record
Reading II
B. Write True for true and False for false statements.
a. Two people are going to cast their performance to break the world record today.
- True
b. Michael is one of the contestants.
- False
c. Michael also tried dipping his foot on the bucket.
- False
d. Albert broke the world record for standing on a bucket of hot soup.
- False
e. The word 'sizzling' is similar in meaning to "scorching".
- True
f. The program is a comedy show.
- True
C. Answer these questions.
a. Who is Mabel Phillips?
- Mabel Phillips who attempts to break a world record is one of the contestants in the TV studio.
b. What is she trying to do?
- Mabel Phillips is leaning on a brush.
c. How do they maintain the heat of the soup?
- Albert's wife, Mrs. Hargreaves, periodically brings more boiling soup and pours it into the bucket to keep it hot.
d. How far was Albert from breaking the record?
- Albert was only one minute away from breaking the world record.
e. How did the man lose his trousers?
-The man lost his trousers as somebody had taken them away when he took them off to have a bath.
f. Why do you think Mabel pushed Albert?
-I think she did so to generate laughter from the audience and add a comical twist to the situation.
Grammar II
Transformation of Sentences
Negative to Affirmative
A. Change the following sentences into affirmative.
a. Dev Narayan does not perform well.
- Dev Naryan performs well.
b. The dog did not bite Fatima.
- The dog bit Fatima.
c. A room in the flat did not need painting.
- A room in the flat needed painting.
d. All the students did not have to sit in the re-examination.
- All the students had to sit in the re-examination.
e. He never drinks wine.
- He always drinks wine.
f. Don't pour much water in the curry.
- Pour a little water in the curry.
g. Nobody came to me.
- Somebody came to me.
h. There is not any one in the locality living in luxury.
-There is someone in the locality living in luxury.
i. He does not have a bath every day.
- He has a bath every day.
j. Neither the boy nor the man goes to school.
Either the boy or the man goes to school.
k. She does not have anything in her bag.
- She has something in her bag.
I. He does not work with us.
- He works with us.
B. Rewrite the following letter correcting the errors in subject-verb agreement.
Dear Hiring Manager,
I feel that I am the ideal candidate for the position of Communication Manager in your company. I have three years of experience as a receptionist in a company that is similar to yours. My phone skills and written communication are excellent. These skills, and others that I have learned on the job, helps me understand that every person in a company help make the business a success. At my current job, the team always say that I am very helpful. Everyone appreciates when I go the extra mile to get the job done right. My current employer and co-workers feels that I am an asset to the team. I along with my colleagues are efficient and organized. Is there any other details about me that you would like to know? If so, please contact me. Here are my resume. You can reach me by email or phone. I looks forward to speaking with you in person.
Sincerely Yours
B. Write a similar message of condolence using the given outlines.
Jayananda Lama (1956-2022)....... passed away at his residence, Kaushaltar Bhaktapur senior folk singer and actor incredible loss for the Nepall art sector........... Kalakate Kainvo, Herda Ramro..... Chuin Chuin Chuilkane Joota, Mulako Ghana his super hit folk songs..........acted in more than a hundred movies....... heartfelt condolences
HEARTFELT CONDOLENCES
Late Jayananda Lama
(1956-2022)
We are deeply saddened to share the sudden passing away of Jayananda Lama, a revered figure in the Nepali art sector. His artistic journey encompassed both senior folk singing and acting, making his mark in multiple realms of creative expression. His residence in Kaushaltar Bhaktapur served as a backdrop to his illustrious career, which sadly
came to an end in 2022.
Lama's musical skill vibrated through hits like "Kalakate Kainvo," Herda Ramro," "Chuin Chuin Chuilkane Joota," and "Mulako Ghana," all of which won the hearts of countless
listeners. His voice carried the essence of Nepali folk traditions, bridging generations and introducing cultural pride.
Beyond his musical contributions, Jayananda Lama's talent extended to the silver screen. His on-screen personality and dedication to his craft made him famous among
Nepalese around the world.
We are with the whole nation in mourning. We extend our heartfelt condolences to the entire bereaved family members at his colossal loss. May God gives them strength to
bear the pain. Suletus pray for the eternal peace of the departed soul.
C. Imagine you and your friend. Purna were working in a factory. Unfortunately he broke his hand while working with a machine. Write a letter of sympathy using the clues given below.
Purna - 28 years old - working together for 3 years - regular and dutiful -a sort of mechanical failure - gets hand broken on 20th Oct 2022 in hospital under treatment - wish speedy recovery.
Biratnagar - 14, Morang
15th August, 2023
Dear Purna,
I trust this letter finds you well. I wanted to reach out to express my concern and send my best wishes to you. I've had the pleasure of working alongside for the past three years with you.
I was deeply saddened to hear about the unfortunate incident that took place on 20th October 2022, resulting in your hand being broken. It's sad to hear about such unexpected challenges, especially for someone as regular and dutiful as you. The incident is a reminder that even the most diligent and dedicated individuals can sometimes face unforeseen setbacks, often due to circumstances beyond their conftiol.
I can only imagine the discomfort and inconvenience you must be experiencing while undergoing treatment at the hospital. Please accept my heartfelt well wishes and positive thoughts for your swift and complete recovery. I eagerly look forward to your return to good health and return to our work environment.
If there is anything I can do to offer support during your challenging time, please do not hesitate to let me know. Please keep me updated on your progress, and I hope to hear positive news soon.
Wishing your a speedy recovery and looking forward to your return.
Sincerely yours,
Sahin
If you have any doubts, Please let me know